https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/projection-gallery daily 0.75 2018-10-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197843850-ML2NW0OGYG26QGJ6UC01/Tufts-Black-History-3.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image:  Claude Randolph Taylor, October 7, 1924 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197843850-ML2NW0OGYG26QGJ6UC01/Tufts-Black-History-3.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image:  Claude Randolph Taylor, October 7, 1924 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197842019-HPP9SLTNKH5AC1UTSQT1/Tufts-Black-History-2.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: Claude Randolph Taylor, class of 1927 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197846647-UXX9OHZVS820JD4DKDKY/Tufts-Black-History-5.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: Basil Ince, indoor track team, ca. 1959 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197850987-36OMOU80XL7MJCZHSSKI/Tufts-Black-History-8.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: Claude Randolph Taylor, October 7, 1924 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197844920-04QV9BPD38Q4E5S0P1MB/Tufts-Black-History-4.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: The Shenley Four: Herbert Barrow, Theodore Carter, Lucien Ayers, and Jester Hairston, February 10, 1929 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1534366752698-FIL2944KTZCUB5AYKBKH/mark-asthoff-218226.jpg Projection Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197842634-H99TP6RUT3X7OTYR72KW/Tufts-Black-History-1.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197851086-RILFKJUZ7GBEK71YLUM6/Tufts-Black-History-7-1.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197848714-E32QVIE5JWJZ3M7FK1B2/Tufts-Black-History-6.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539100562698-3ARGT0OPCDPSZCUKMW1H/Anthem-Homecoming-1.jpg Projection Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197852368-HSLIHHOYLG2FU06M2X9O/Tufts-Black-History-9.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539100403094-VSU4Y3F09TIKX0CHRG16/Anthem-Homecoming-1.jpg Projection Gallery https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/homepage daily 1.0 2026-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537904629453-FLGBPA78F7T9L40632NF/Jessie_Gideon_Garnett_%281897-1976%29.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1600708249106-TQ3UE75CYVZPOL8R1HA7/african%2Bamerican%2Btrail%2Bproject.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1600708313409-GBKBY8RL8ENE09I31V0B/SixteenByNineJumbo.jpg Home https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/21st-centurygallery daily 0.75 2019-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537998363173-Q67R2U0DRI1J3LMTDDU2/RiseGatewarytoBoston.jpg 21st Century - Rise / Gateway to Boston “Rise,” by Daniel P.B. Smith (2005) Blue Hill Ave., Mattapan Square, Mattapan, MA For most of the early twentieth century, Mattapan was a predominantly Jewish neighborhood at the southern edge of Dorchester. During the late 1960s and 1970s, due in part to Boston Banks Urban Renewal Group (B-BURG), redlining and blockbusting led to white flight from the area. Mattapan’s black community grew during the 1970s, and since the 1980s, Mattapan has been home to an increasingly ethnically diverse black community, including especially immigrants from Haiti and the Caribbean. This 2005 sculpture, designed by former Mattapan residents and cousins Fern Cunningham and Karen Eutemey, serves as a gateway to Mattapan. The pair of nineteen foot statues celebrate the diverse history of Mattapan, including its Native American (Mattahunt), Jewish, German, Irish, African-American and Caribbean origins. Daniel P.B. Smith, 2005 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537998363173-Q67R2U0DRI1J3LMTDDU2/RiseGatewarytoBoston.jpg 21st Century - Rise / Gateway to Boston “Rise,” by Daniel P.B. Smith (2005) Blue Hill Ave., Mattapan Square, Mattapan, MA For most of the early twentieth century, Mattapan was a predominantly Jewish neighborhood at the southern edge of Dorchester. During the late 1960s and 1970s, due in part to Boston Banks Urban Renewal Group (B-BURG), redlining and blockbusting led to white flight from the area. Mattapan’s black community grew during the 1970s, and since the 1980s, Mattapan has been home to an increasingly ethnically diverse black community, including especially immigrants from Haiti and the Caribbean. This 2005 sculpture, designed by former Mattapan residents and cousins Fern Cunningham and Karen Eutemey, serves as a gateway to Mattapan. The pair of nineteen foot statues celebrate the diverse history of Mattapan, including its Native American (Mattahunt), Jewish, German, Irish, African-American and Caribbean origins. Daniel P.B. Smith, 2005 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537997075600-OLZVBTGOA597G6JZ34OM/Boston+City+Hall+and+Election+of+Ayanna+Pressley.jpg 21st Century - Boston City Hall and Election of Council Member Ayanna Pressley 1 City Hall Sq., Boston, MA In 2009, Ayanna Pressley (b. 1974) was elected the first woman of color to serve on the Boston City Council. A native of Chicago, Pressley attended Boston University. Her career in Massachusetts politics includes her work as senior aide for U.S. Representative Joseph P. Kennedy II and U.S. Senator John Kerry. In 2018, Pressley was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, serving Massachusetts’ 7th Congressional District. iStock Photo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537998364020-8C1XL10E1LAOFEY2EV3T/tuftsprotestportersq.jpg 21st Century - Porter Square Student Protests “Tufts Students Join Nationwide Movement Against Campus Racism,” Tufts Daily, 2015 Massachusetts and Somerville Aves., Cambridge, MA In November 2015, students from Tufts and Harvard staged a major public protest in solidarity with the national Movement for Black Lives. After concluding separate rallies at their respective campuses — the Science Center Plaza at Harvard, and a campus-wide walk out at Tufts — students joined together to demonstrate against racism on and off campus, and to demand greater student and faculty representation, among other concerns. Tufts Daily, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550763652331-LGFDEWMF5SBMBNNQPEXO/Mass+State+House.png 21st Century - Massachusetts State House and Election of Governor Deval Patrick Governor Deval Patrick, Massachusetts State House, WBUR, 2015 Beacon St., Boston, MA In 2006, Deval Patrick (b. 1956) was elected Governor of Massachusetts. As the first African American elected to the governorship of the Commonwealth, and one of the only popularly elected black governors since Reconstruction, Patrick was born in Chicago, attended Massachusetts’ Milton Academy, Harvard College, and Harvard Law School, and served as U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division under President Bill Clinton (1994 - 1997). As Governor, Patrick oversaw the implementation of Massachusetts’ healthcare reform legislation when the State became the first in the country to mandate universal healthcare for its citizens. This law became the basis for the Federal Affordable Care Act signed by President Barack Obama in 2010. Tufts African American Trail Project https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/18th-centurygallery daily 0.75 2019-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976747062-LGXWXDVEZ3KA3IJU8SZR/crispus+.png 18th Century - Boston Massacre Monument / Crispus Attucks Boston Common, Tremont and Avery Sts. Crispus Attucks (c. 1723 - 1770), a man of Wampanoag and African descent, was the first to fall at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Attucks was born in Framingham, west of Boston, and was possibly related to a Narragansett Indian, John Attuck, who was hanged during King Philip’s War (1676). While Boston-area abolitionists established a Crispus Attucks day during the 1850s, after the Civil War, African descended people across greater Boston campaigned for this memorial, which commemorates Attucks as well as those who died with him during the Massacre. Detroit Publishing Company, c. 1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976747062-LGXWXDVEZ3KA3IJU8SZR/crispus+.png 18th Century - Boston Massacre Monument / Crispus Attucks Boston Common, Tremont and Avery Sts. Crispus Attucks (c. 1723 - 1770), a man of Wampanoag and African descent, was the first to fall at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Attucks was born in Framingham, west of Boston, and was possibly related to a Narragansett Indian, John Attuck, who was hanged during King Philip’s War (1676). While Boston-area abolitionists established a Crispus Attucks day during the 1850s, after the Civil War, African descended people across greater Boston campaigned for this memorial, which commemorates Attucks as well as those who died with him during the Massacre. Detroit Publishing Company, c. 1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976734555-CLV9BFTKJ3484I7HW65E/477px-Bunker_hill_monument.jpg 18th Century - Bunker Hill Monument Bunker Hill Day, Charlestown, MA, c. 1900 Monument Sq., Charlestown, MA During the American Revolution, nearly one out of every four soldiers in the Colonial Army were of African or Native American descent; African descended men comprised about a quarter of the British forces. At the Battle of Bunker Hill on April 19, 1775, 150 African descended soldiers were among the 3000 patriots who fought against the British. Some of these soldiers, like Prince Hall and George Middleton, went on to establish significant institutions for free African Americans across the North in the early days of the Republic. The monument was established in 1843. Detroit Publishing Company, c. 1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976117334-1MREYDRX0TISLDNJC2N5/crispus+.png 18th Century - Crispus Attucks/ Boston Massacre Monument Crispus Attucks, Boston Massacre Monument Boston Common, Tremont Street Boston Massacre Monument, Boston, MA, c. 1906 Crispus Attucks (c. 1723 - 1770), a man of Wampanoag and African descent, was the first to fall at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Attucks was born in Framingham, west of Boston, and was possibly related to a Narragansett Indian, John Attuck, who was hanged during King Philip’s War (1676). While Boston-area abolitionists established a Crispus Attucks day during the 1805s, after the Civil War, African descended people across greater Boston campaigned for this memorial, which commemorates Attucks as well as those who died with him during the Massacre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976116797-L9K412Q3GV00JXGPR8CS/Middleton-House.jpg 18th Century - George Middleton / Louis Glapion House 5 Pinckney St., Beacon Hill, Boston, MA During the early eighteenth century, Boston’s black community was concentrated in the current North End. With the end of the American Revolution, however, many African descended people migrated to the West End and the North Slope of Beacon Hill. In 1786, two free black men, George Middleton and Louis Glapion, began constructing a two-family wood structure on Pinckney Street. Completed in 1787, the house is the oldest-standing wooden structure on Beacon Hill and illustrates the deep roots of African Americans in the neighborhood. Louis Glapion lived here until his death in 1813 while his housemate, George Middleton, participated in some of his community’s first benevolent organizations, including the Boston African Benevolent Association and the African Lodge, later known as the Prince Hall Masons. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976702712-ROEW1SPBMXEFNXDB3KE0/crispus+.png 18th Century - Crispus Attucks/ Boston Massacre Monument Crispus Attucks, Boston Massacre Monument Boston Common, Tremont Street Boston Massacre Monument, Boston, MA, c. 1906 Crispus Attucks (c. 1723 - 1770), a man of Wampanoag and African descent, was the first to fall at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Attucks was born in Framingham, west of Boston, and was possibly related to a Narragansett Indian, John Attuck, who was hanged during King Philip’s War (1676). While Boston-area abolitionists established a Crispus Attucks day during the 1805s, after the Civil War, African descended people across greater Boston campaigned for this memorial, which commemorates Attucks as well as those who died with him during the Massacre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550613544867-2ZX0DPN51F5AKDIBTFHD/Long+Wharf.jpg 18th Century - Long Wharf Dock & Custom House Block Long Wharf Dock & Custom House Block, Boston, MA The Long Wharf, completed in 1715, was one of colonial Boston’s central slave trading hubs. It was from this wharf, in 1637, that the "Desire" left the Northern Colonies with enslaved Pequot prisoners of war who were sold in the Caribbean. The ship then carried enslaved peoples of African descent to New England, returning to Boston in 1638. The Long Wharf’s history reveals that enslavement and the global slave trade expanded beyond rigid dualities of black and white, or African and European. Native Americans captured by colonists were often forced into slavery across the Atlantic world. Boston Public Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550628198028-6F7MRX1AYFB08BNR33GI/PompsWall.jpg 18th Century - Pomp’s Wall / Brooks Estate Grove St., Medford, MA During the eighteenth century, Medford was home to two of the wealthiest slaveholding families in the region, the Royalls and the Brooks. Enslaved men, women, and children maintained the extravagant Brooks Estate, first settled in 1660 and occupied in 1679. Pomp, an enslaved man, built the Estate’s decorative entrance for slave owner Thomas Brooks in 1765. Although details about Pomp's life are scarce, the craftsmanship exhibited in the wall indicates the material and cultural value that enslaved people provided to the city. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550628266557-A86UQSZAK5ESCHISJ95H/PrinceHallCemeterycelebration.JPG 18th Century - Prince Hall Mystic Cemetery 52 Gardner St., Arlington, MA Prince Hall (c. 1735 - 1807) was a veteran of the Revolutionary War, who demanded an end to colonial slavery through the Massachusetts General Court in 1777. In 1787, Hall founded the First African Masonic Lodge in the United States, an organization of community uplift and economic cooperation that spread throughout the United States and the world. In 1864, a local grandmaster of the Prince Hall Lodge, William Kendall, donated a parcel of his land on Gardner Street to African American Masons in the area. Used exclusively as a Masonic burial ground and public memorial until 1897, the cemetery was revitalized in the 1980s by local African-American resident, Samuel Lee Dance, and his fellow Masons. Courtesy of Arlington Historical Society / Howard Winkler https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550627888731-I6963NBIJU71RWYOFU58/buckmantavern%281%29.jpg 18th Century - Buckman Tavern / Prince Estabrook Buckman Tavern c. 1933 1 Bedford St., Lexington, MA During the American Revolution, people of African and Native descent fought on both sides of the conflict. Although Colonel George Washington initially prevented African descended people from serving in the Continental Army, many black men across New England joined local military companies that rallied in support of the Revolution. Some of these men were no doubt familiar with Buckman Tavern (est. 1709 - 1710), the first public house in Lexington, and a favorite gathering place for militia men during their training on the nearby Lexington Green. In 1773, an enslaved man, Prince Estabrook (c. 1741 - 1830) enlisted in the Lexington militia. Estabrook fought alongside his fellow colonists at the famous Battle of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. Estabrook's story is memorialized on a plaque outside the tavern. Detroit Publishing House https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976114786-03FJPO45BG08CTIF00CT/477px-Bunker_hill_monument.jpg 18th Century - Bunker Hill Monument (est. 1787) Bunker Hill Monument (est. 1787) Bunker Hill Day, Charlestown, MA, c. 1900 During the American Revolution, nearly one out of every five soldiers in the Colonial Army were of African or Native American descent; African descended men comprised about a quarter of the British forces At the Battle of Bunker Hill on April 19, 1775, 150 African descended soldiers were among the 3000 patriots who fought against the British. Some of these soldiers, like Prince Hall and George Middleton, went on to establish significant institutions for free African Americans across the North in the early days of the Republic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537994088178-NP9V9VI0DIWZG6ARI7V4/Royall+House+%26+Slave+Quarters.jpg 18th Century - Royall House and Slave Quarters Royall House and Slave Quarters c. 1907 15 George Street, Medford, MA Isaac Royall Jr. (1719 - 1781), was one of the wealthiest slaveholders in colonial Massachusetts and an original financial supporter of Harvard Law School (est. 1817). As an Antigua slaveholder, Royall earned his fortune through the labor and sale of African men, women and children. One of these enslaved women, Belinda Royall Sutton, filed one of many freedom suits submitted by Africans across Massachusetts after the Revolutionary War. The slave quarters, adjacent to the Royall House, are one of the oldest extant slave dwellings still standing in the North. Courtesy of Royall House and Slave Quarters, 1917 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550691558584-IMTF6TOQOI5L5PQ8MQWL/MASSHISTORICALSOCIETY.jpg 18th Century - Massachusetts Historical Society Massachusetts Historical Society “The Historical Society” was founded in 1791 by ten Bostonians. Today, the Massachusetts Historical Society is “the oldest organization in the United States devoted to collecting materials for the study of American history.” The Society’s vast collections include materials relating to slavery, abolition, and the Civil War, including the poems and letters of Boston’s Phillis Wheatley, the enslaved poet who wrote the first published book of poetry by an African American writer. Courtesy of Massachusetts Historical Society https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/20th-centurygallery daily 0.75 2019-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1549041643329-MRGUC01QCGNZRZHKWCA5/George_Alexander_McGuire_%281866-1934%29.jpg 20th Century - Saint Augustine African Orthodox Church and Bishop George A. McGuire George Alexander McGuire c. 1920 137 Allston St., Cambridge, MA Antigua native George A. McGuire (1866 - 1934) founded the African Orthodox Church (AOC) in 1921, upon appointment as Bishop by the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Located at this site in Cambridge, St. Augustine’s Church held AOC services that supported the pan-Africanist philosophy of Marcus Garvey. McGuire had moved to the area in the early 1900s to study medicine at the Boston College of Physicians and Surgeons. Although McGuire was ordained in the Episcopal Church, soon after his arrival in the U.S., he became disenchanted with the racism of the predominantly white denomination and founded the predominantly West Indian St. Bartholomew’s Church in Cambridge, MA. Although the relationship between McGuire and Garvey ultimately ended in the 1920s, McGuire continued to lead local African descended people, both West Indian and native born, as the AOC expanded to thirty churches, fifty clergy, and 30,000 members across the Americas and Africa. George Alexander McGuire c. 1920, Orthodox-Catholic Church of America https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1549041643329-MRGUC01QCGNZRZHKWCA5/George_Alexander_McGuire_%281866-1934%29.jpg 20th Century - Saint Augustine African Orthodox Church and Bishop George A. McGuire George Alexander McGuire c. 1920 137 Allston St., Cambridge, MA Antigua native George A. McGuire (1866 - 1934) founded the African Orthodox Church (AOC) in 1921, upon appointment as Bishop by the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Located at this site in Cambridge, St. Augustine’s Church held AOC services that supported the pan-Africanist philosophy of Marcus Garvey. McGuire had moved to the area in the early 1900s to study medicine at the Boston College of Physicians and Surgeons. Although McGuire was ordained in the Episcopal Church, soon after his arrival in the U.S., he became disenchanted with the racism of the predominantly white denomination and founded the predominantly West Indian St. Bartholomew’s Church in Cambridge, MA. Although the relationship between McGuire and Garvey ultimately ended in the 1920s, McGuire continued to lead local African descended people, both West Indian and native born, as the AOC expanded to thirty churches, fifty clergy, and 30,000 members across the Americas and Africa. George Alexander McGuire c. 1920, Orthodox-Catholic Church of America https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1549042041343-4K99FGRB7R29UQGYYM7R/Faces+of+Dudley+Mural.jpg 20th Century - Faces of Dudley Mural 2385 Washington St., Roxbury, MA “Faces of Dudley” (Mike Womble, 1995) After the Civil War, as migrants of African descent from the American South, the Caribbean, and Canada arrived in Boston, the community shifted from its antebellum location on Beacon Hill to the South End and lower Roxbury. In 1901, when the elevated streetcar opened in Dudley Square, the area became a hub of commercial, cultural, and political activity in the racially mixed, yet increasingly black, section of Roxbury. The 1995 mural, “Faces of Dudley,” was painted by Mike Womble and a group of teen artists, and was rehabbed by Womble in 2015. In addition to images of renowned residents such as Malcolm X (1925-1965) and Melnea Cass (1896-1978), every other portrait in the mural is a portrait of a neighborhood resident. Faces of Dudley,” Mike Womble, 1995 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550804337396-VM33Q5Y4VXTNQYXBOTKD/NewFreedomHouse.jpg 20th Century - Freedom House 5 Crawford Street, Dorchester, MA In 1949, social workers Otto P. and Muriel S. Snowden founded Freedom House at 151 Humboldt Street in Roxbury. The goal was to create an interracial, interfaith center to fight for neighborhood improvement, better schools, and racial cooperation. In 1952, Freedom House moved to 14 Crawford Street in Grove Hall, although a devastating fire forced it to its “new” facility at 5 Crawford Street in 1961. Since then, Freedom House has been the site of countless political and civil rights struggles, including the fight for “racially balanced” public schools in the 1960s and 1970s. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550611558212-WKMT476IH16D0EW12021/malcolmxhouse.jpg 20th Century - Malcolm X and Ella Little Collins House 72 Dale St., Roxbury, MA As a teenager and young adult, Malcolm X (1925 - 1965) lived in Roxbury on and off from 1941 to 1946, the year that he was incarcerated. Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska, he lived at this Dale Street home with his sister, Ella Little Collins. Collins was a civil rights activist; as a young woman she served as secretary for Adam Clayton Powell. In the 1950s, she joined the Nation of Islam and established a mosque and day-care center in the community. By 1959, Collins had left the Nation of Islam and converted to Sunni Islam. After her brother’s assassination in 1965, Ella Collins took over Malcolm’s Organization of Afro-American Unity and continued to play an active role in the city, by working on initiatives such as creating the Sarah A. Little School of Preparatory Arts. Boston Landmarks Commission https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550693733938-KY09ICLJY84OMVE1JTMV/MarshChapeloption.jpg 20th Century - Marsh Chapel and Howard Thurman Howard Thurman c. 1945 735 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA In 1953, Florida native Howard Washington Thurman (1899 - 1981) became Dean of Boston University’s Marsh Chapel; he served in this position until 1965. As the first African-American theologian appointed dean of a predominantly white institution, Thurman introduced non-violent theology to the Boston University community, including doctoral candidate Martin Luther King Jr. As a mentor to Dr. King and a committed civil rights activist in his own right, Thurman studied Quaker, Hindu, and Christian theology, and published over twenty books on philosophy and Christian theology, including the popular Jesus and the Disinherited. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550631715111-IJK4TR5NGMXZKB8NXCS8/Parkman+Bandstand.jpg 20th Century - Parkman Bandstand Tremont and Winter Sts., Boston, MA Parkman Bandstand (est. 1912) has been the site of civil rights protests and political rallies by the region's African descended people since 1915, when newspaper editor William Monroe Trotter (1872 - 1934) led at this site the local campaign against D.W. Griffith's racist film "Birth of a Nation." In 2007, America's first African-American president, Barack Obama, held a political rally at the bandstand with Massachusetts' first African-American Governor, Deval Patrick. Most famously, on April 23, 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke from the bandstand to a crowd of over 22,000 people involved in city-wide protests against segregated housing, unequal public schools, and deeply entrenched economic inequality across greater Boston. Boston Public Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538003477908-NRWW10UO9EJ3CMCZGLRW/Mel+King+Institute.jpg 20th Century - Mel King Institute for Community Building 15 Court Sq., Boston, MA Established in 2009 to foster collaboration among community development professionals, the Mel King Institute reflects the decades’ long community advocacy of its namesake, Melvin H. King (b. 1928). The son of a Guyanese father and Bajan mother, King was born in Boston’s South End, graduated from Claflin College, and received his master’s degree in education from Boston State College. In addition to his work with at-risk youth at Lincoln House in the 1950s and his mobilization of Tent City in 1968, King was a representative in the Massachusetts State Legislature from 1973-1982 and ran for Mayor of Boston in 1983. Currently, the Mel King Institute works with King’s South End Technology Center, which King founded to improve community access to technology. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1549042749438-6CR32C3ML7UZBT1P8LZ8/Original_Back_Bay_station.jpg 20th Century - Back Bay Station / Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 145 Dartmouth St., Boston, MA When Back Bay Station opened in 1899, African Americans represented nearly a third of the population surrounding Columbus Avenue and Dartmouth Street on the Albany Railroad. This population concentration was a result of the black community’s migration from Beacon Hill to Back Bay and the adjoining South End. Many men in these neighborhoods worked as Pullman Porters on interstate trains throughout the Northeast. During the 1910s, these porters organized in protest against discrimination and exploitative pay, which attracted the attention of Harlem activist A. Philip Randolph, who later founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP). The Brotherhood was established in 1925 and formally recognized as a union in 1937. In 1986, as part of the state’s Southwest Corridor project, artist Tina Allen was commissioned to design this statue for Back Bay Station to commemorate Randolph and the local black community’s contribution to the BSCP. The station concluded renovations in 1987. Courtesy of Boston Public Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550631523374-D08227TIJ5DHSLBD4OG3/Mosque.jpg 20th Century - Mosque 11 Masjid Al-Quran Masjid of the Quaran c. 2016 35 Intervale St., Dorchester, MA During the 1940s, a local group of black musicians organized one of Boston's first Muslim communities of African descent. In 1957, early followers of the Nation of Islam’s Elijah Muhammad established Mosque No. 11 in an old Synagogue on Intervale Street in Dorchester. Malcolm X, who lived in Roxbury with his sister after his release from prison, ministered at Mosque No. 11 and considered it his home. Louis Farrakhan also ministered at the mosque and lived in the adjoining property, 37 Intervale Street. After X’s assassination in 1965, the Mosque, like others across the country, entered a period of transformation. This was in large part due to the fact that in 1976, when Nation of Islam founder, Elijah Muhammad, passed away, his son, Imam Warith Deen Mohammed, declared that all Nation of Islam followers should convert to Al-Islam. Mosque No. 11 made this conversion, and subsequent leaders, including Imam Shakir Mahmoud, renamed the Mosque Masjid Al-Quran. Presently, Mosque 11 Masjid Al-Quran keeps its doors open to the community of 70,000 Muslims who live and worship in Boston, and members come from all over the city. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538003488240-HNLKNSQPAZM592E87672/Roland_Hayes_by_Van_Vechten.jpg 20th Century - Roland Hayes House 55 Allerton St., Brookline, MA Roland Hayes (1887 - 1977) was the first African-American artist to perform as a vocal soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Born in Curryville, Georgia in 1887, Roland Hayes was the son of formerly enslaved parents, Fanny and William Hayes. Roland was a singer as a child, and studied music at Fisk University, where he performed with the Fisk Jubilee Singers. After touring the world, including in London where King George and Queen Mary of England requested that he perform for them privately, Hayes returned to the United States and married Helen A. Mann. He settled in Boston in 1911, and later taught at Boston University. After receiving many awards and honors, including the 1924 NAACP Springarn Medal, Hayes performed for the final time at the Longy School of Music in Cambridge in 1973. He died in 1977 in Boston and is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery. Library of Congress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538002898685-YJ674GE6SJ3VANKIKUT8/bostongarden.jpg 20th Century - Boston Garden (TD Garden) 160 Causeway St., Boston, MA; now 100 Legends Way, Boston, MA Opened in 1928 as the city’s premiere sports arena, the Boston Garden (located in the present-day TD Bank North Garden) was home to two of the city’s athletic dynasties - the National Hockey League’s Boston Bruins, and the National Basketball Association’s Celtics. The Garden’s place in Boston’s African American history is significant. In 1950, Charles Henry “Chuck” Cooper (1926 - 1984) became one of the first African-American players for the NBA when he joined the Boston Celtics at the Garden. In 1966, Bill Russell (b. 1934) became the first African-American head coach in the NBA when as a player-coach, he replaced Red Auerbach as leader of the team. Boston Public Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550631587625-N3X96FUFNBAQ5WSQUZAG/MuseumofAfricanAmericanArtists.jpg 20th Century - The Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists “Eternal Presence” by John Wilson, National Center for Afro-American Artists 300 Walnut St., Roxbury, MA Elma Ina Lewis (1921 - 2004) was a leading arts educator, activist, and community leader in Boston. In 1950, she founded The Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts. Born in Boston to Caribbean immigrant parents, and raised in a household that followed the black nationalist philosophy of Marcus Garvey, Lewis attended Emerson College and Boston University. The school she founded in 1950 provided arts education for black and brown children across Roxbury and the South End. In 1968, she created the National Center of Afro-American Artists as an institution “committed to preserving and fostering the cultural arts heritage of black peoples worldwide.” The adjoining museum, which was established at a later date, “is dedicated to the celebration, exhibition, collection, and criticism of black visual arts heritage worldwide.” The center currently operates the Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists which displays and supports work by artists across the global African diaspora. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550694048409-QCGMO5SUHENO16XFMBQC/StCyprians.jpg 20th Century - St. Cyprian Church 1073 Tremont St., Roxbury, MA St. Cyprian’s Church was one of the most important social and religious institutions for West Indians in Boston. The congregation was established in 1910 after recent migrants from Barbados and Jamaica faced discrimination from local white Episcopalians; it met in several temporary locations before congregants purchased their own site for worship in 1921. Although congregants were primarily from the Caribbean, the church also served African Americans and foreign born people of African descent. Services began in the building in 1924; the congregation was named after Cyprian, the Bishop of Carthage in North Africa. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550632207080-MRV0RLR1UOL00XJ69W6J/TentCityBlock.png 20th Century - Tent City Tent City, Boston Globe c. 1969 100 Dartmouth St., Boston, MA In 1968, Boston racial justice activist, Mel King (b. 1928), led a group of community organizers in a four day occupation to protest the city’s urban renewal policy. The Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) planned to transform a lot that had been cleared by the city into a parking garage; as many as 100 families were displaced in the initial clearing and there was still great need for affordable housing in the working-class, predominantly black neighborhood. The Tent City occupation attracted support from activists and celebrities, including Celtics player and coach, Bill Russell, who fed the activists as they set up small tents on the lot. Despite multiple arrests, organizers formed the Tent City Task Force (later named the Tent City Corporation), which eventually forced the city to create the Tent City Housing Complex in 1988. Presently, the Tent City Housing Complex is a mixed income development. South End Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538002905560-0XGLHFR5F7HWPK1WCT0S/Tremont_Theatre_no176_TremontSt_Boston_ca1910_BostonianSociety.png 20th Century - Tremont Theater 175 Tremont St., Boston, MA Established in 1888, Tremont Theater was a major playhouse in Boston until a fire destroyed the original building at 175 Tremont Street in 1983. Most famously, in 1915, newspaper editor and activist William Monroe Trotter (1872 - 1934) led protests against D.W. Griffiths’ "Birth of a Nation," the popular film that glorified the southern Ku Klux Klan. During the protests, many black activists, including Trotter, were arrested after the city’s Mayor, James Michael Curley (1874 - 1958), initially refused to censor the film. Trotter’s public protest inspired similar NAACP-led demonstrations across the country. Bostonian Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538002890235-0NYMUSOYLL9QDOVUP3AE/johndobryantschool.jpg 20th Century - John D. O’Bryant School of Mathematics and Science 55 Malcolm X Blvd., Roxbury, MA John D. O’Bryant (1931 - 1992) was born and raised in Boston. In 1977, amidst the struggle to desegregate Boston Public Schools, O’Bryant became the first African American elected to the Boston School Committee in the 20th Century. The John D. O’Bryant School of Mathematics and Science has carried its namesake’s commitment to public education into the twenty first century from its roots as Boston’s Mechanic Arts High School (est. 1893). From 1944, when the school changed its name to Boston Technical High School through its collaboration with Mario Umana Technical High School in 1989, John D. O’Bryant has educated generations of young people across Roxbury. Boston Public Schools https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550176217359-N6WK93N91XU9NIKB5QGE/Haitian-American%2BPublic%2BHealth%2BIntiatives.png 20th Century - Haitian-American Public Health Initiatives 1601-1603 Blue Hill Ave., Mattapan, MA In 1989, a group of Haitian-American health care professionals created the Haitian American Public Health Initiative to address the needs of Boston’s Haitian community. Although foreign born people of African descent have always been a significant part of greater Boston’s black community - since 1900, at least 10% of all black people in the city have been born outside of the United States - Haitian migration to the region during the 1970s and 1980s provided Boston with the third largest Haitian-American population in the country. Designed to meet the language, cultural, and public health needs of Haitian Americans across greater Boston, HAPHI has been a pioneer in culturally appropriate healthcare, education, and advocacy that meets the needs of the community. Source: Haitian-American Public Health Initiatives https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/19th-centurygallery daily 0.75 2019-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550609947241-CISSYGPUX4ME2TGXUVIQ/54thregiment.jpg 19th Century - 54th Regiment & Robert Gould Shaw Memorial Beacon and Park Sts., Boston, MA The 54th Massachusetts Regiment Memorial was designed by nineteenth century sculptor Augustus St. Gaudens to commemorate the first all-African American regiment, recruited in the north, to fight for the Union Army during the Civil War. The project began in 1883 and was completed in 1897. Composed of free African-American men from across the country, and as far away as the Caribbean, the 54th Regiment, led by a white Colonel, Robert Gould Shaw, fought valiantly at the Battle of Fort Wagner in South Carolina during the summer of 1863. Their contributions, including the bravery of the first Congressional medal of honor winner, Sargent William H. Carney, influenced the enlistment of over 185,000 African-American soldiers in the Union Army. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550609947241-CISSYGPUX4ME2TGXUVIQ/54thregiment.jpg 19th Century - 54th Regiment & Robert Gould Shaw Memorial Beacon and Park Sts., Boston, MA The 54th Massachusetts Regiment Memorial was designed by nineteenth century sculptor Augustus St. Gaudens to commemorate the first all-African American regiment, recruited in the north, to fight for the Union Army during the Civil War. The project began in 1883 and was completed in 1897. Composed of free African-American men from across the country, and as far away as the Caribbean, the 54th Regiment, led by a white Colonel, Robert Gould Shaw, fought valiantly at the Battle of Fort Wagner in South Carolina during the summer of 1863. Their contributions, including the bravery of the first Congressional medal of honor winner, Sargent William H. Carney, influenced the enlistment of over 185,000 African-American soldiers in the Union Army. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550610199409-2SPYM1UEHCQ7ITVP3ODH/AbielSmithSchooloption1.jpg 19th Century - Abiel Smith School 46 Joy St., Beacon Hill, Boston, MA The Abiel Smith School (est. 1833) was the first public building constructed for the express purpose of educating African-American children. The school was originally located in the basement of the adjacent African Meeting House, but transferred to this building in 1835 after years of pressure from African-American parents and abolitionists. Before the Boston public schools formally desegregated in 1855, the Abiel Smith School supported well known abolitionist teachers Prince Saunders and Susan Paul. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550610444340-15AZIKPIQEWX594FZTSG/AfricanMeetingHouse.jpg 19th Century - African Meeting House / The Museum of African American History, Boston and Nantucket 46 Joy Street, Boston, MA The African Meeting House was established in 1806 and is the oldest extant African American church building in the United States. Constructed through the labor and financial support of the city’s African-American community and others, the Meeting House was the site of the African Baptist Church under abolitionist preacher Thomas Paul. The building is currently part of the Museum of African American History (MAAH) and Boston’s Black Heritage Trail. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537996508135-OC1YLF18L9YNMWBDPH5R/charles-street-meeting-house-1.jpg 19th Century - Charles Street Meeting House 70 Charles St., Boston, MA Originally located on Beacon Hill, the Charles Street AME Church began in 1818, when a small group of free men and women created the First African Methodist Episcopal Society. After the Civil War, the Church moved to Charles Street at the base of Beacon Hill, where it continued its important role in African-American history. During the 1890s, for instance, local black feminist and equal rights activist, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin (1842 - 1924) founded the National Federation of Afro-American Women in the Charles Street Church. In 1939, the church moved to Roxbury, where it remains today a vibrant institution within Boston’s African American community. iStock Photo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550611228566-6JU1JWX4DBYKHUN39LPO/DavidWalkerHouse.jpg 19th Century - David Walker & Maria Stewart House 81 Joy St., Boston, MA David Walker (c. 1796 - 1830) was one of the most radical black abolitionists of his time, publishing his “Appeal” (1829) as a rallying cry for enslaved resistance, free black community organization, and an immediate end to slavery. Born free in Wilmington, North Carolina, Walker moved to Boston around 1825, opened a used clothing shop, and resided in the heart of black abolitionist Boston at this site, then known as 4 Belknap Street. Although Walker lived here only briefly (1827 - 1829), he supported black-led abolition in Boston until his death in 1830, including the Massachusetts General Colored Association (predecessor to William Lloyd Garrison’s New England Anti-Slavery Society), and the early black feminism of fellow abolitionist, Maria Stewart (1803 - 1879). Stewart - the first woman in the United States to deliver a public speech on a political subject - resided here after Walker’s death, during the early 1830s. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537996510135-91I7BN21Y6CZDJU04B0O/Maria-Baldwin.jpg 19th Century - Maria Baldwin House Maria Baldwin c. 1900 196 Prospect St., Cambridge, MA Maria Baldwin (1856 -1922) was born to Haitian immigrants in Cambridge, and became the first black woman in America appointed principal of a predominantly white public school when she headed the Agassiz School in 1889. During the 1890s, black Harvard students, including W.E.B. Du Bois, spent time in Baldwin’s personal library, which included works by writers of African descent from around the world. Baldwin helped her friend, the feminist Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin (1842 - 1924) found the National Federation of Afro-American Women in 1895, and co-founded Boston’s League of Women for Community Service in 1919. The Agassiz School was renamed the Maria Baldwin School in 2004. League of Women for Community Service https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976178945-NXL91S2UUB1L6CUQAC2H/WestMedfordCommunityCenter_Front.jpg 19th Century - West Medford Community Center 111 Arlington St., Medford, MA Prior to the Civil War, free black families with roots in the eighteenth century lived in West Medford along the Mystic River. In the decades after the Civil War, black migrants from the American South and the Caribbean moved to the West Medford neighborhood, where they purchased homes and built community institutions. This expanding community was defined by the river to the south, Boston Avenue to the northeast, and High Street to the northwest. In 1933, black residents built the West Medford Community Center. One of these residents, Walter Isaac, carried pieces of a World War One army barrack to city property on Arlington Street. Over several generations, the Community Center has served many of the social, cultural, and educational needs of the community. Courtesy of West Medford Community Center https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976173407-HAT0QD9HG6LNCM0HJP43/Robbins+house.jpeg 19th Century - Robbins House 320 Monument Street, Concord, MA The Robbins House is one of the oldest extant structures in which free African Americans lived in Concord, Massachusetts in the early days of the American Republic. Caesar Robbins (b. 1745), the family patriarch, was enslaved in Chelmsford and served in both the French and Indian, and the Revolutionary War. Two of his six children, Susan and Peter, were the first residents of the house. His granddaughter, Ellen Garrison Jackson, was born in the house in 1823, supported abolitionist and women’s rights in Boston, and worked as a teacher in Freedmen’s Schools in the U.S. South during the early days of Reconstruction. Courtesy of Robbins House https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537996510800-6SVQA7N1KEBBSNMYIATT/St+Paul+AME.jpg 19th Century - St. Paul AME Church 37 Bishop Richard Allen Dr., Cambridge, MA During the 1870s, African Americans from the South, and West Indians from across the Caribbean, migrated to Cambridge, where they settled in the area around Central Square. In 1870, many of these migrants joined native African-American residents to create their own church. In 1873, they formally opened St. Paul’s, originally located at the corner of Portland and Hasting Streets. Today, the Church remains one of the largest and most significant African American congregations in the region. Tufts African American Trail Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537996511104-KGGNWT3ISB6052RKJOQX/Twelfth+Baptist+Church.jpg 19th Century - Twelfth Baptist Church “Church of the Fugitive Slave in Boston” c. 1854 43-47 Phillips St., Boston, MA Twelfth Baptist Church was founded in 1840 by a group of African-American Baptists who split from the African Meeting House congregation on Joy Street (then Belknap Street). In the decades before the Civil War, the congregation was known as the “Fugitive Slaves’ Church” for its support of enslaved men and women. Some of the more famous fugitives who used the Twelfth Baptist on their escape to freedom were William and Ellen Craft, Shadrach Minkins, and Thomas Sims. Anthony Burns: A History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537976177972-RW8LDA1OBTN6QIIYC7Q2/W.E.B.+Du+Bois.jpg 19th Century - W.E.B. Du Bois House W.E.B. Du Bois, c. 1900 20 Flagg St., Cambridge, MA William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868 - 1963) was one of the most significant intellectuals of the twentieth century. Following his earlier degrees at Fisk and Harvard Universities, in 1895, Du Bois became the first African American to be awarded a Doctorate in History from Harvard. Born in Great Barrington to a family with deep roots in New England and in Haiti, Du Bois formed lifelong intellectual and personal ties to greater Boston’s African descended community, including the first black Assistant Attorney General, William Henry Lewis, and Guardian editor William Monroe Trotter. He resided at this Flagg Street address while attending Harvard. Library of Congress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1549043002036-DWRJ7SXBV3MM7GIZT9ID/bostonaltinschool.jpg 19th Century - Boston Latin School & Parker Bailey Boston Latin School c. 1930 78 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA Boston Latin (est. 1635) is the oldest and first public school in the United States. Although the school was once located on School Street in downtown Boston, it moved to its present location in 1922. Founded in the seventeenth century to educate the city’s Protestant male elite - including Samuel Adams and Ralph Waldo Emerson - in 1877, Parker Bailey became the first African American to graduate from the prestigious school. City of Boston Archives https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/17th-centurygallery daily 0.75 2019-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550609702326-9A071AG16HCIGPYFY1ZO/2418+Dorchester+North+Burying+Ground.JPG 17th Century - Dorchester North Burying Ground Columbia Rd. and Stoughton St., Uphams Corner, Dorchester, MA The Dorchester North Burying Ground was built in 1634 and it remains one of only a handful of seventeenth century burial sites in Boston. While the burial site is famous for the two colonial governors buried there, three enslaved people are buried there as well. In 1754, Dorchester was home to thirty-one enslaved men and women. Betty, Ann, and Cambridge were enslaved to Antigua plantation owner, Captain Robert Oliver. Headstones for the three - Ann and Cambridge, who died as children, and Betty, who died at twenty-five - survive at this site. Photo Courtesy of Dorchester Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550609811767-SA4F9RQYX38QBHY11YR3/_Copp%27s+Hill+Burying+Ground.jpg 17th Century - Copp’s Hill Burying Ground Copp’s Hill Burying Ground, c. 1900 Hull Street and Snow Hill Street North End, Boston, MA Copp’s Hill Burying Ground was established in Boston in 1659. In addition to its Revolutionary War fame - the remnants of British bullets still mark the epitaph on Captain Daniel Malcolm’s tombstone - the cemetery is also the final resting place for countless Bostonians of African descent, both enslaved and free. These include Revolutionary War veteran and Masonic founder, Prince Hall (c. 1735 - c. 1809). During the early eighteenth century, the neighborhood around Copp’s Hill was home to many African descended people, and referred to, by some, as "New Guinea." Library of Congress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550689067992-YHW44C801YRDGG1KRPXW/oldindianmeetinghouse1905.jpg 17th Century - Old Indian Meeting House 410 Meetinghouse Road Mashpee, MA The Old Indian Meeting House (est. 1684) remains a contested site of New England’s indigenous history. As the oldest extant Indian church in the eastern United States, it was an important community site for Mashpee Wampanoag Indians on Cape Cod. At the same time, it reflects European efforts to convert Native people to Christianity. Many African descended people intermarried and formed kinship ties to Mashpee Wampanoag people. In 1833, for instance, William Apess (1798 - 1839), a Pequot man from northwestern Massachusetts who attended an African Free School in Connecticut, organized the Mashpee Revolt at this Meeting House. Old Indian Meeting House, postcard, 1905 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550690912610-IV99F7Y1TS3ERM4AGVZP/ZipporahSite.jpg 17th Century - Zipporah Potter Atkins Site Rose Kennedy Greenway & Hanover St. Although Massachusetts was one of the first states to end slavery during the 1780s, it was also the first colony to establish slavery within its 1641 “Body of Liberties.” By the beginning of the War for Independence, many of the leading families across the colony - including the Vassalls in Cambridge, the Royalls in Medford, and the Wheatleys in Boston - owned slaves, or earned vast fortunes from the Atlantic Slave Trade. Despite this racial and economic reality, a free woman of African descent purchased a house in the North End in 1670. Zipporah Potter Atkins (c. 1645 - 1705) was born free, although details of her life are largely unknown. At the time of Atkins’ purchase, the house was located next to Mill Pond and Hanover Avenue, and Atkins was one of the only black homeowners in the city. Before her death, Atkins signed her initials on a deed in Suffolk County, the first woman of African descent to do so. iStock Photo https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/the-project-tuftsuniversity daily 0.75 2020-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537901136297-YSVYLO117RNX9X29WD3O/faces+of+dudley.jpg The Project https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/17th-century-sites daily 0.75 2019-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538068847713-V4Q4SI5KT1VJECBI9X6W/Robert_Gould_Shaw_Memorial_-_detail.jpg 17th Century https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/map-tuftsuniversity-6 daily 0.75 2019-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538069283149-KOMSN8BZ4XAJQ0VIVWQ2/Screen+Shot+2018-09-26+at+9.43.15+PM.png MAP-old https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550770988311-LSIHEBFO3P108QU0POP2/TFT_001-1_MAP_in_R6.png MAP-old https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550771191027-9RXPQEANU2N65W9RVLJI/African+American+Trail+Project+Map+in+R6.png MAP-old https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/contact-tuftsuniversity-africanamericantrailproject daily 0.75 2020-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538069005438-WQGC5BV0LLWULIKBIJ1Y/faces+of+dudley.jpg Contact https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/project-partners-tuftsuniversity daily 0.75 2020-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537984778704-7O6EEX5SADEGEE2C51BB/faces+of+dudley.jpg Project Partners https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/19th-century-sites daily 0.75 2019-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538068916650-P4JMJZM3T447RD2UMCMQ/Robert_Gould_Shaw_Memorial_-_detail.jpg 19th Century https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/18th-century-sites daily 0.75 2019-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538068883262-AQA9JQDGNU79Z7SC0YQ2/Robert_Gould_Shaw_Memorial_-_detail.jpg 18th Century https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/20th-century-sites daily 0.75 2019-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538068741797-L380RKPJA2DM38RPVGUB/Robert_Gould_Shaw_Memorial_-_detail.jpg 20th Century https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/21st-century-sites daily 0.75 2019-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538068813695-GK8O3XDK02O66ADK7U1E/Robert_Gould_Shaw_Memorial_-_detail.jpg 21st Century https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/projection-gallery-tuftsuniversity daily 0.75 2019-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197843850-ML2NW0OGYG26QGJ6UC01/Tufts-Black-History-3.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image:  Claude Randolph Taylor, October 7, 1924 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197842019-HPP9SLTNKH5AC1UTSQT1/Tufts-Black-History-2.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: Claude Randolph Taylor, class of 1927 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197846647-UXX9OHZVS820JD4DKDKY/Tufts-Black-History-5.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: Basil Ince, indoor track team, ca. 1959 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197850987-36OMOU80XL7MJCZHSSKI/Tufts-Black-History-8.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: Claude Randolph Taylor, October 7, 1924 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197844920-04QV9BPD38Q4E5S0P1MB/Tufts-Black-History-4.jpg Projection Gallery - Archival Image: The Shenley Four: Herbert Barrow, Theodore Carter, Lucien Ayers, and Jester Hairston, February 10, 1929 Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197842634-H99TP6RUT3X7OTYR72KW/Tufts-Black-History-1.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197851086-RILFKJUZ7GBEK71YLUM6/Tufts-Black-History-7-1.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197848714-E32QVIE5JWJZ3M7FK1B2/Tufts-Black-History-6.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1539197852368-HSLIHHOYLG2FU06M2X9O/Tufts-Black-History-9.jpg Projection Gallery - Crowd observing projection Photo Credit: Erik Jacobs (Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University) https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/new-page daily 0.75 2018-12-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1545414638661-VPK5R3BM2JEKC1PAGEQG/Tufts+Hi+Res+African+American+Trail+Project+Map.jpg TuftsAfAmTrail Map https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/project-team-tuftsuniversity daily 0.75 2026-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537984730106-66ND5D0FLI5364KCYEKD/faces+of+dudley.jpg Project Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/e67c7ae2-e742-4a32-9f91-941533fc75eb/KF+Headshot+2023_smaller+size.jpeg Project Team https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550605408284-YF1B8S2EY9M8F5J17ANJ/Greenidgenorton1.jpg Project Team https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/map-tuftsuniversity daily 0.75 2020-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538069283149-KOMSN8BZ4XAJQ0VIVWQ2/Screen+Shot+2018-09-26+at+9.43.15+PM.png Map https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550808721010-3T49EAAGX6997ABYC3UW/African+American+Trail+Sites.jpg Map https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550771191027-9RXPQEANU2N65W9RVLJI/African+American+Trail+Project+Map+in+R6.png Map https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/further-reading daily 0.75 2019-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1537901136297-YSVYLO117RNX9X29WD3O/faces+of+dudley.jpg Further Reading https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/map-with-digital-map-5 daily 0.75 2019-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1538069283149-KOMSN8BZ4XAJQ0VIVWQ2/Screen+Shot+2018-09-26+at+9.43.15+PM.png MAP https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550770988311-LSIHEBFO3P108QU0POP2/TFT_001-1_MAP_in_R6.png MAP https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1550771191027-9RXPQEANU2N65W9RVLJI/African+American+Trail+Project+Map+in+R6.png MAP https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/reading-1 daily 0.75 2020-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1552329549936-SXKE7A86FJLU78YZ6MKF/malcolm+x.jpg Reading https://africanamericantrailproject.tufts.edu/trails-and-walking-tours daily 0.75 2019-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b71be6b5cfd7983adbee335/1552329549936-SXKE7A86FJLU78YZ6MKF/malcolm+x.jpg Trails and Walking Tours